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Endoscopy

Endoscopy refers to any procedure, by way of which the inside of the body could be visualized. This is normally done by introducing a tube like apparatus inside the body cavities, like inside the bowels, or lungs, etc. The equipments used are called "Scopes". They are either flexible and soft or rigid. There always is a light source inside the scope and a passage to see inside of the body. Flexible scopes use fiberoptics to transmit light and images.

Upper GI endoscopy, refers to visual examination of the esophagus, stomach and upper part of small bowels.

Sigmoidoscopy is used to visualize lower part of the large bowel and rectum. A tube is inserted inside the rectum and is advanced into lower part of large bowel. The performing physician can look for any abnormalities and take a biopsy from the abnormal area.

Colonoscopy examines entire large bowel

Bronchoscopy examines the airways

Cystoscopy examines inside of the bladder

Laparascopy is visualizing inside of the abdominal cavity. The instrument is entered into the cavity via a cut in the abdomen. This procedure is normally done in an operating room and under sedation.

ENT endoscopy is visualization of the upper airways, inside the nostrils, throat h and vocal cords.

Endoscopic biopsy:

The endoscopist can directly visualize and take a biopsy from any abnormal area.

Image of an Endoscope